In the non-multiprogramming system, the CPU can execute only one program at a time, if the running program is waiting for any I/O device, the CPU becomes idle so it will effect on the performance of the CPU.īut in a multiprogramming environment, if any I/O wait happened in a process, then the CPU switches from that job to another job in the job pool. The main memory consisting of 5 jobs at a time, the CPU executes one by one. Consider the following figure, it depicts the layout of the multiprogramming system. The OS(Operating System) picks and begins to execute one of the jobs in main memory.

In multiprogramming, a number of processes reside in main memory at a time. Multiprogramming is a technique to execute the number of programs simultaneously by a single processor. Therefore, the programmer need not run between these three rooms several times. The carrier carries the group of jobs at a time from one room to another. In batch processing technique, the same type of jobs batch together and execute at a time. We can solve this problem by using batch processing. The user/machine operator runs between three rooms to complete a job. Batch Processingīefore 1960, it is difficult to execute a program using a computer because of the computer located in three different rooms, one room for the card reader, one room for executing the program and another room for printing the result. The programs are submitted to the machine one after one, therefore the method is said to be serial processing. This type of processing is difficult for users, it takes much time and the next program should wait for the completion of the previous one.

Then the programmer ready for the next program.

The programmer examined the register and main memory to identify the cause of an error.

submit to the computing machine, is there any errors, the error was indicated by the lights.

Convert the punched card to a card reader.

If a programmer wishes to execute a program on those days, the following serial steps are necessary. Before 1950, the programmers directly interact with the hardware there was no operating system at that time. History of the operating system started in 1950. Here we will discuss six main operating system types evaluated over the past 70 years. Evolution of OSĮvolution of OS since 1950 described in detail in this article.

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Serial processing operating system